Subject: IUFO: Alien Artifacts in the Solar System? Alien Artifacts in the Solar System? Published August 16th, 2006 in Articles. In late 1991 a strange object approached and passed within celestial spitting distance of the Earth, causing surprise, and some disquiet, among astronomers before vanishing back into the depths of space. The object was catalogued as ¡°1991 VG,¡± and to this day it remains a mystery. Spotted on November 6, 1991, by astronomer Jim Scotti, 1991 VG was initially thought to be an NEO¡ª a Near Earth Object, probably an asteroid, of which there are many that periodically pass by too close for comfort and of which the public is blissfully unaware. At the time of discovery, 1991 VG was approximately 2,046,000 miles from Earth and heading inbound rapidly. Scotti, who was tracking with the small Spacewatch telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, Arizona, described it as a ¡°fast-moving asteroidal object.¡± Continued observation revealed that the object did not appear to be an asteroid, or at least it didn¡¯t behave like one. For instance, it had a tendency to ¡°wink¡±: to become roughly three times brighter, then dark again, every seven and one-half minutes, behavior akin to that of a rotating artificial satellite. This led to speculation that 1991 VG was perhaps an expended rocket booster drifting through interplanetary space, maybe even an old Saturn V booster from the Apollo moon-launch days of the late 1960s and early ¡¯70s. As the object continued to approach Earth, astronomers at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in La Silla, Chile, began tracking with a 60-inch telescope. At this point, the media became aware that something was going on and press statements were issued. Meanwhile, the ESO team (astronomers Richard West, Olivier Hainaut, and Alain Smette) conducted precise measurements of the ¡°winking¡± and confirmed that the phenomenon was reminiscent of the pulsations of light observed on reflective, rotating artificial satellites. The mystery object came closest to Earth on December 5, 1991, when it passed 51,000 miles beyond the orbit of the Moon, or a distance from the Earth of about 288,300 miles, hardly any distance at all when measured on an interplanetary scale. Then it began drifting away. An estimate of the object¡¯s size suggested a diameter of anywhere from 33 to 62 feet, small for an asteroid but about right for an expended rocket booster or possibly a large piece of spacecraft debris. Indeed, the object was small enough so that it was visible only as a pinpoint of light when viewed through the 2.9-foot-diameter Spacewatch telescope. Four months later, on April 27, 1992, now well away from the Earth but following a path around the sun that was remarkably similar to the Earth¡¯s orbit, 1991 VG was again detected by astronomers at Kitt Peak, this time with a larger telescope. It was to be the last reported sighting of the object before it vanished from ground-based visual range. Three years passed. 1991 VG was all but forgotten, at least by the media. Then, in April 1995, a highly respected astronomer and author published an article that not only re-opened the debate about 1991 VG, but took the discussion to a whole new level. The astronomer was Duncan Steel, then associated with the University of Adelaide in Australia, and today with the University of Salford in the United Kingdom. His article, ¡°SETA and 1991 VG¡± (SETA referring to ¡°Search for ExtraTerrestrial Artifacts¡±), appeared in The Observatory, a recognized science journal published in the UK. In the article, Steel dared to suggest what other astronomers had no doubt considered but were too guarded to openly discuss: that 1991 VG might not just be artificial, but might, in fact, be a probe of extraterrestrial origin! Three Possibilities Steel, who has a reputation for being painstakingly thorough, was no less careful when stating his case for 1991 VG. ¡°The approach here,¡± he said in the Observatory article, ¡°is to investigate the different probabilities for the nature of this object, given our incomplete knowledge.¡± He then cited three distinct possibilities: ¡°The first is that it [1991 VG] was a natural asteroid¡ the second is that it was a man-made spacecraft [a spent rocket booster or an early probe launched into heliocentric orbit]. The third is that it was an alien artifact.¡± In considering the three possibilities, Steel said his ¡°personal bias¡± was that 1991 VG was artificial but ¡°anthropogenic,¡± meaning it originated on Earth. Using the available orbital data and calculating backwards, he determined that the object was last near Earth during February or March 1975, and before that during the late 1950s. (With limited information concerning the object, he was unable to be more precise about the earlier date.) Studying the early launch records, the astronomer found that there were relatively few spacecraft that could conceivably explain the existence of 1991 VG, and some of these were easily eliminated. He cited seven robot craft launched from October 1958 to March 1960. They included the Pioneer probes 1, 3, 4, and 5, and the Luna probes 1, 2, and 3. However, he pointed out that these probes were ¡°generally small objects,¡± some of which were known to have reentered the Earth¡¯s atmosphere, and one (Luna 2) had by all accounts crashed on the Moon. Moving forward, Steel eliminated the probe Luna 23, launched in October 1974, which successfully landed on the Moon. There was, however, Helios 1, launched into heliocentric orbit in December 1974, and the probe Venera 9, sent to Venus in June 1975. But unless something had affected the trajectory of these two probes and their boosters ¡°such as radiation pressure or leaking fuel,¡± Steel said it was unlikely they could account for the presence of 1991 VG. (Expended boosters from the manned Apollo series were not considered because the Apollo missions were flown between October 1968 and December 1972, too early for the 1975 window of opportunity.) Along with eliminating all known launches that fit his criteria, Steel pointed to the exceedingly low odds of a returning spacecraft or booster ever being detected by an instrument as small as the Spacewatch telescope. He estimated the chances of an accidental detection at no greater than one in 100,000 per year. Not an Asteroid Steel next turned his attention to the idea that 1991 VG was a ¡°natural body;¡± i.e., an asteroid. He quickly eliminated this possibility. In part, he based his rationale on the aforementioned ¡°winking,¡± the regular light flashes exhibited by the object, which he said were ¡°distinctly similar to rotating artificial satellite trails.¡± He also noted that gravitational forces arising from the closely aligned paths of the Earth and 1991 VG should have eventually kicked the object into an unstable orbit. However, 1991 VG¡¯s orbit seemed inherently stable, so he felt fairly confident that it was a new arrival (in stellar terms) and therefore probably not an asteroid. All of which left the scientist with only one other logical consideration: that 1991 VG was an extraterrestrial probe or an alien artifact of some sort. But if the object was truly alien, then, said Steel, it begs the question: was it under control when it passed by Earth or simply following a random path? In other words, was it operational, or was it inert or a derelict? Steel concluded his article by noting that a continual search of the heavens should be made for other suspicious objects. In so saying, he invoked a paradox originally put forth by the brilliant physicist Enrico Fermi (1901¨C1954). Simply put, the ¡°Fermi Paradox¡± questioned the commonly held belief that the galaxy, with its multitude of stars, must inevitably have produced a multitude of advanced alien cultures. Fermi wanted to know why, if these civilizations are so unavoidable, we¡¯ve uncovered no evidence of them, such as probes, spacecraft, or transmissions. He decided that the fact that we haven't is paradoxical, thereby suggesting a flaw either in our method of reasoning or in our observations. Put another way, if extraterrestrials actually exist, would we recognize one of their probes if it flew right by our planet? New Object >>>>> MORE <<<